Desplegar y plegar con un clic usando CSS. Crear spoilers con INPUT – Car

Para ocultar elementos de una página y hacerlos aparecer(o viceversa)a voluntad, lo más socorrido es usar JavaScript. Con este lenguaje podemos controlar fácilmente gracias al eventoonclick, cuándo algo es pulsado y en ese momento llamar a una función que haga un cambio de clase/estilo para hacer visible o invisible el elemento en cuestión (1) (2) (3). También tenemos los eventosonmouseover yonmouseout que a su vez nos permiten detectar si el puntero pasa por encima de algo o si al contrario, se quita de encima.

Sin embargo, con CSS lo único que podemos controlar actualmente es esto último de pasar el puntero. Se hace usando el pseudoelemento:hover y ya hemos visto por aquí algunos ejemplos sencillos y otros un poco más sofisticados (1) (2).

Pero como decía, no hay nada en CSS que sirva para el clic. Nada que sea directo claro, porque indirectamente sí que tenemos al menos un sistema. Lo vemos.

La clave es usar la etiqueta HTMLinput del tipocheckbox que es la que se usa para botones radio en formularios y en la que sí se puede controlar mediante CSS cuando estáclicada (realmente, seleccionada) gracias a la pseudoclase CSS:checked.

Para poder manejar cómodamente con CSS todo esto, la cosa comienza con incluir en el HTML uninput, seguida su etiquetalabel que hará las veces de botón y justo a continuación, dentro de una cajadiv, el elemento que será mostrado/ocultado con el clic en el anterior.

Con lo único que hay que tener cuidado es con que cada par input-label tengan la misma ID y sobre todo, que si usamos en la misma página otrosspoilers de este tipo, la ID vaya siendo distinta.

input type="checkbox" id="spoiler1"/input
label for="spoiler1"SPOILER/label
div class="spoiler"CONTENIDO OCULTO/div

OTRO TIPO DE CONTENIDO
input type="checkbox" id="spoiler2"/input
label for="spoiler2" SPOILER/label
div class="spoiler"CONTENIDO OCULTO/div
OTRO TIPO DE CONTENIDO

Ya metidos en el CSS, para los distintos selectores usaremos unfiltro para atributos con el fin de que el estilo se aplique sólo a losinput cuyo id empiecen por "spoiler"[id^="spoiler"] y que no afecte a otros que pudiera tener la página para otros fines.

Pero la clave de todo está en poder detectar con:checked, cuando uninput está seleccionado. Cuando eso ocurre, a sus hermanos adyacentes que encontramos con+, le aplicamos otro estilo y listo. En este caso lo mostraremos inicialmente conopacity: 0 y con el clic lo pasaremos a opaco total para hacerlo visible.

Este sería el código básico para conseguir todo esto:

/* Ocultar botón radio */
input[id^="spoiler"]{
display: none;
}
/* Estilo botón clicable */
input[id^="spoiler"] + label {
display: block;
width: 200px;
margin: 0 auto;
padding: 5px 20px;
background: #e1a;
cursor: pointer;
}
/* Estilo botón cuando su INPUT está seleccionado */
input[id^="spoiler"]:checked + label {
color: #333;
background: #ccc;
}
/* Estilo caja SPOILER (inicialmente oculto) */
input[id^="spoiler"] + label + .spoiler {
width: 90%;
height: 0;
overflow: hidden;
opacity: 0;
margin: 10px auto 0;
}
/* Estilo caja SPOILER cuando su INPUT está seleccionado */
input[id^="spoiler"]:checked + label + .spoiler{
height: auto;
opacity: 1;
}

Como veis, en primer lugar ocultamos elinput para que el botón radio no se vea y lo siguiente, menos relevante, es dar estilo a la etiquetalabel que servirá de botón.

Con la tercera regla empieza el truco, aunque de momento sólo nos sirve para cambiar el aspecto del botón olabel cuando suinput precedente está seleccionado, en el ejemplo con un cambio de color.

Digo que aquí empieza el truco porque aunque esto no oculta ni revela nada, ya se puede ver cómo se controla eso. Podéis ver uninput[id^="spoiler"]:checked + label que traducido quiere decir "selecciona los INPUT con una ID cuyos primeros caracteres sean SPOILER y si están seleccionados (CHECKED), a la etiqueta LABEL que hay justo a continuacion dale las siguientes propiedades..."

De la misma manera, las dos últimas reglas nos sirven para dar estilo a la caja marcada con clase.spoiler. La penúltima para que inicialmente no se vea y la última para que se haga visible cuando su correspondienteinput está pulsado.


Realmente a veces no sé si mis explicaciones sirven para aclarar o para confundir más, pero si es lo segundo, en este enlace tenéisun desarrollo en CodePen para que podáis experimentar y que además incluye algo de estilo extra para dejar todo el conjunto más mono... tal que así:

Spoiler 1

Esta es una manera de ocultar cierta información hasta que el usuario hace clic en un botón para visualizarla. Con un segundo clic elspoiler se pliega de nuevo y vuelve a no ser visible.

Y sin ningún problema permite añadir varios botones y contenidos de este tipo simplemente cambiando el valor de la ID de cada parinput-label asociados.

Spoiler 2

Lo que ha sufrido Brasil en este pasado mundial de fútbol...

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Sonidos a demanda: con clic y con hover – Shipping – Dominios

Algunos parroquianos se han "quejado" de que en las versiones más modernas de Chrome, no funciona un código que publiqué anteriormentepara reproducir sonidos al hacer clic o al pasar el puntero por encima de un botón. Como aquí estamos para solucionar problemas y no para provocarlos, pues he tenido que buscar un sustituto que esté a la altura.

Y lo encontré fácilmente enJavascriptKit, sitio con multitud de utilidades y del cual he extractado y traducido lo que viene a continuación. Vamos, un vil copy-paste-traduce en toda regla.

Pero antes una demo:

Haz clicHaz hover

---

El script utiliza el nuevo elemento audio de HTML5, que permite agregar fácilmente efectos de sonido. Como la cuestión es modernizarse, funciona en todos los navegadores que soportan esta evolución del lenguaje básico de la Red. Estas son todas las versiones iguales o superiores a IE 9, FF 3.5, Chrome 3, Safari 3 y Opera 10.5.

El uso de HTML5 para reproducir el audio evita que nos tengamos que preocupar por si el usuario ha instalado el plugin correcto o no. Si tiene uno de los navegadores anteriores funcionará.


La manera de instalarlo es la habitual, es decir, el JavaScrip con la función antes de/head y la llamada a dicha función en el elemento dónde se quiere aplicar.

Esta sería la parte de la función:

script type="text/javascript"
//![CDATA[
// Definir lista de extensiones y el tipo de fichero de audio asociado. Puedes añadir más
var html5_audiotypes={
"mp3": "audio/mpeg",
"mp4": "audio/mp4",
"ogg": "audio/ogg",
"wav": "audio/wav"
}

function createsoundbite(sound){
var html5audio=document.createElement('audio')
if (html5audio.canPlayType){ //Comprobar soporte para audio HTML5
for (var i=0; iarguments.length; i++){
var sourceel=document.createElement('source')
sourceel.setAttribute('src', arguments[i])
if (arguments[i].match(/.(w+)$/i))
sourceel.setAttribute('type', html5_audiotypes[RegExp.$1])
html5audio.appendChild(sourceel)
}
html5audio.load()
html5audio.playclip=function(){
html5audio.pause()
html5audio.currentTime=0
html5audio.play()
}
return html5audio
}
else{
return {playclip:function(){throw new Error('Su navegador no soporta audio HTML5')}}
}
}

//Inicializar sonidos
var hover1 = createsoundbite('http://k003.kiwi6.com/hotlink/564750mi8i/whistle.mp3');
var hover2 = createsoundbite('http://k003.kiwi6.com/hotlink/5b6r3mpa5k/coche.mp3');

//Nótese que se pueden añadir ficheros con otras extensiones para mayor compatibilidad
var click1 = createsoundbite('http://k003.kiwi6.com/hotlink/1510nx04no/click.mp3','http://k003.kiwi6.com/hotlink/dki95s7ty3/click.ogg');
//
/script

Y ya para crear el botón con sonido, será suficiente con añadir a la caja un eventoonmouseover uonclick, aplicando la funciónplayclick() al sonido deseado de entre la lista que hemos creado al final del script.

Aquí el código a modo de ejemplo, para hacerlo con un enlace o undiv y respectivamente con clic y conhover:

a href="javascript:void();" onclick="click2.playclip()"Efecto hover 2/a

div class="demo" onmouseover="hover2.playclip()"Hover 2/div/div

Clic 2

Hover 2

Actualización

Me salté en la explicación una cosa bastante importante. Algunos tipos de archivos son sólo compatibles con ciertos navegadores y por eso el script permite poner el mismo archivo de sonido con distintos formatos dentro de la misma variable. De esta manera, si no funciona uno funcionará el otro.José GDF nos pasó este enlace dew3schools.com con una tabla dónde se puede ver el detalle navegador/fichero soportado y con un poco de lógica podréis comprobar que con usar .mp3 en combinación con .ogg, cubriremos todos los casos sin necesidad de usar todos los formatos.

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Superponer elementos sobre capas embebidas e iframes – Shipping – PHD

Los códigos de vídeos embebidos y las ventanas hechas coniframe, de cuando en cuando nos dan algún problema cuando se portan de manera rebelde y parecen no querer responder a nuestras instrucciones.

Por ejemplo, es común que al desplegar un menú que tiene justo debajo un vídeo, este quede parcialmente oculto por causa de que ese vídeo queda por encima de todo. Lo mismo ocurre cuando creamos algún efecto de capa que oculta todo (vg. cuando queremos simular unapantalla de presentación) y ese dichoso vídeo se nos queda también por encima.

Pues la solución para evitar esto es sencilla, pero como siempre, sólo una vez que se conoce. A eso vamos.


Primero veamos en qué consiste el problema,publicando un fichero flash (.swf) dentro de una capa. Le hemos puesto una propiedadposition:relative que nos permitirá luego incluir otras capas dentro de ella y situarlas dónde queramos conposition:absolute,top yleft (verpropiedad position). En concreto vamos a meter una caja de texto parcialmente por encima de la animación, otra con un enlace algo más abajo y por último, una imagen un poco más allá de la mitad.

Hemos omitido deliberadamente el resto de propiedades CSS que no influyen para la demostración como los anchos, altos, direcciones, etc. Este es el código que usamos y a continuación, el -deficiente- resultado:

div style="position: relative;
  div style="position: absolute;top: -30px;left: 214px;
    Esta es una capa con texto
  /div
  div style=" position: absolute; top: 150px; left: 214px;
    Esta es otra capa con un a href="#"enlace/a
  /div
  div style="position: absolute;top: 250px;left: 184px;"
    img border="0" height="122" src="url_imagen" width="160" /
  /div
  object data="url_swf" height="528" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="528"
    param name="movie" value="URL_swf"
  /object
/div

Esta es una capa con texto

Esta es otra capa con texto

Cómo se puede comprobar, aunque las tres capas están ahí, sólo se ve lo que el flash no solapa y el resto permanece oculto tras el mismo. Decía al principio que la solución era fácil y así es. Será suficiente con añadir un parámetrovmode con valortransparent y el flash pasará a comportarse como si fuera un fondo quedando detrás de todo lo demás:

div style="position: relative;
  div style="position: absolute;top: -30px;left: 214px;
    Esta es una capa con texto
  /div
  div style=" position: absolute; top: 150px; left: 214px;
    Esta es otra capa con un a href="#"enlace/a
  /div
  div style="position: absolute;top: 250px;left: 184px;"
    img border="0" height="122" src="url_imagen" width="160" /
  /div
  object data="url_swf" height="528" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="528"
    param name="movie" value="URL_swf"
    param name="wmode" value="transparent"
  /object
/div

Esta es una capa con texto

Esta es otra capa con unenlace

Ya tenemos nuestro contenido por encima de la animación, pero no hay que olvidar que ahora lo que queda por debajo de esas capas solapadas no funcionará. La parte de los cuadraditos que quedan ocultos evidentemente ya no producen sonidos. Al contrario, el texto de las nuevas capas es seleccionable y el enlace accesible. En este caso es simplemente unmarcador que lleva a este párrafo, pero si fuera un enlace a otra dirección, funcionaría exactamente igual. Para uniframe, que es por ejemplo el sistema con el que se insertan actualmente los vídeos de YouTube, el parámetro que nos soluciona la papeleta es el mismo, pero se aplica de distinta manera. En este caso hay que añadirlo a continuación de la dirección del vídeo ensrc, con el formato?wmode=transparent:

div style="position: relative;"
  div style="position: absolute; top: -30px; left: 164px;"
    Esta es una capa con texto
  /div
  div style="position: absolute; top: 210px; left: 10px;"
    img border="0" height="122" src="url_imagen" width="160" / 
  /div
  iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/94E0OSNl_FQ?wmode=transparent" width="420"
  /iframe
/div

Esta es una capa con texto

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Generador de iconos de carga (loader) con CSS3 – Car – php

Hay muchos elementos distintivos del CSS3 como las sombras (box-shadow,text-shadow), cajas redondeadas (border-radius), gradientes (gradient), transformaciones (transform) y transiciones (transition). Unas nos permiten poder simplificar mucho el código y evitar el uso de más imágenes de las necesarias y otras nos ayudan a acercarnos a efectos que antes estaban reservados para otros lenguajes de programación distintos de HTML, como Flash y JavaScript.

Pero hay uno con el que un diseñador avezado, hace cosas que poco tiempo atrás parecían imposibles de conseguir sólo con hojas de estilo. Son las animaciones, que se consiguen con la propiedadANIMATION.

En el enlace anterior podéis ver las especificaciones de la propiedad, que es una extensión deTRANSITION, pero si estáis como yo, todavía en una fase muy inicial de aprendizaje de este estándar, seguramente también os suene a chino... o alemerig, para los afortunados que sepan chino.

Afortunadamente, cada vez salen más artículos sobre cómo hacer cosas puntuales e incluso sitios congeneradores que nos facilitan la tarea.

En esta ocasión el que hemos descubierto nos facilita el código necesario para crear una pequeña animación que simula iconos típicos de Ajax que se muestran mientras algo se está cargando. EsCSSload y en ella encontramos hasta 8 modelos distintos que podemos configurar en cuanto a tamaño, colores y velocidad. Nosotros ajustamos esas opciones y la páginas nos facilita el código CSS y el HTML necesario para que se vea.

El ejemplo está ahí mismo en forma de círculo rojo dando vueltas por el perfil de una circunferencia naranja. Aunque parezca un GIF animado, no lo es. Sólo se trata de CSS. La prueba la tendréis si intentáis descargar la imagen. Simplemente no hay imagen, son líneas, bordes de cajas redondas que posteriormente se han animado.

Si no lo ves es porque tu navegador está algo desactualizado (Firefox, Chrome, Safari) o porque usas Internet Explorer, aunque parece que la versión 9 ya empieza a leer algunas de estas cosas.

La forma más fácil dever qué propiedades soporta tu actual navegador es accediendo a la página dehaz.io, que te mostrará en forma de check list, una gran variedad de las nuevas tecnologías quevienen ya están aquí, referentes a HTML, CSS y Javascript.

Este último es otro ejemplo sacado de CSSload.

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Usando formularios para crear una lista de enlaces en poco espacio – Law Firm – Credito – Teleconferencias

Esto no requiere demasiada explicación. Simplemente se trata de dar una idea para acortar esas interminables listas de enlaces que algunos tenemos, de manera que ocupen menos espacio en nuestra barra lateral... o dónde sea.

Para ello usaremos HTML y en concreto, el código necesario para construir un campo desplegable de un formulario. El código básico sería este:

form name="formulario" method="post" action=""
labelMIS SITIOS/label
select name="destinos"
option value="http://google.es"Google/option
option value="http://youtube.com"YouTube/option
option value="http://gmail.com"GMail/option
/selectinput onclick="location.href=formulario.destinos.value;" type="button" value="IR" name="button"
/form

Por cada nuevo enlace habría que añadir una nuevaOPTION, con sus correspondientes etiquetas de apertura y cierre, incluyendo unVALUE igual a la dirección de destino. La etiquetaLABEL justo después de abrir el formulario, sólo contiene texto para servir de título sobre lo que el desplegable contiene. Se puede eliminar si se desea. El resultado sería este:

MIS SITIOS
Google YouTube GMail

Notaréis que la etiquetaINPUT genera el botón que sirve para ir al enlace seleccionado. El texto delVALUE puede ser el que queráis (en el ejemplo "IR").

Pero también podríamos modificar un poco el código, para que se acceda al enlace sin necesidad del botón. Esto haría que fuéramos directamente a la dirección, nada más cambiar nuestra selección:

MIS SITIOS
Google YouTube GMail

En este segundo caso, suprimiríamos el mencionadoINPUT (botón "IR") y tendríamos que colocar unONCHANGE en la etiquetaSELECT:

form name="formulario2" method="post" action=""
labelMIS SITIOS/label
select name="destinos2" onchange="location.href=formulario2.destinos2.value;"
option value="http://google.es"Google/option
option value="http://youtube.com"YouTube/option
option value="http://gmail.com"GMail/option
/select
/form

Actualización.

Para abrir el resultado de la selección en una ventana/pestaña nueva, sustituimos dentro delonclick,location.href porwindow.open.

form name="formulario" method="post" action=""
labelMIS SITIOS/label
select name="destinos"
option value="http://google.es"Google/option
option value="http://youtube.com"YouTube/option
option value="http://gmail.com"GMail/option
/selectinput onclick="window.open(formulario.destinos.value);" type="button" value="IR" name="button"
/form

MIS SITIOS
Google YouTube GMail

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